Interview 8

AI technologies - AI & ethics

The following interview snippets were given by Emanuela Girardi and cover the development of AI technologies at different scales, the societal concerns and the ethical use of AI as well as the norms and regulations on AI.

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The interviewee, Emanuela Girardi, is the founder of Pop Ai, which means Popular Artificial Intelligence and which is part of the group of AI experts belonging to the ministry of economic development. She is also the coordinator of the task force on AI and Covid19 and member of the board on AI, data and robotics.

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Yes
No
 

AI technologies are strategic for the development of society in the future.

Only few resources have been invested in the field of AI.

At the moment, there are about 150 national strategies of AI all around the world.

All countries consider AI technologies as strategic and significant in today’s society that will become even more relevant in the future.

Globally, we can basically say there are two to three models for the development of AI technologies: the American model, the Chinese model and in between the European model.

The American AI model and the Chinese one are very different from each other.

Regarding investments on the development of AI technologies Europe is very much ahead of the rest of the world.

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1) What did all EU member states agree on in 2018? a coordinated plan for the development of AI technologies.
2) What did Europe decide to focus on? an ethical vision of AI.
3) What is the European vision based and focused on? humans
4) What does a reliable AI technology mean from an ethical point of view? It needs to respect the European laws, respect the European ethical values and be reliable, e.g. safe from a technical point of vue.
5) Which documents did the European Commission publish over the regulation of AI? A white paper, an European data strategy
6) What is the most important and controversial document proposed in April 2021 by the European Commission to regulate the use of AI systems? The AI Act
7) What do AI systems that are high and medium risk need to comply with to be used within the European community? with a series of requirements and certifications
8) What could an excess of regulations lead to? Limit innovation
9) Among the American and European markets, which one is more regulated? the European one

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1) What unacceptable risks related to AI systems are there within the European community? social scoring, control of mass, control to influence and manipulate Europeans’ behaviour
2) As to high risk AI systems, how are requirements and criteria that need to be evaluated called? Conformity assessments
3) What is the value chain of AI systems like? extremely complex
4) What does monitoring of AI systems refer to? the life cycle of AI systems

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Italy has been developing various strategies related to the deployment of AI technologies, however these haven’t been published yet. The Italian proposition of strategies is based on three pillars: AI for the human being, which refers to the European human-centred vision, AI for the productive and sustainable development for example in companies, at schools, in education and in society and AI for sustainability. The European Commission has recently promoted a very interesting project called “Destination Earth”, in which a digital simulation of Earth was created with a digital twin that will be used to better understand, monitor and evaluate the effects of climate change and environmental disasters and to test the new environmental policies on this digital twin by using AI technologies.

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True or false?

In Italy education and training with regards to AI technologies is the top priority.

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True or false?

The resources released thanks to AI systems should be reinvested and redistributed in workers’, students’ and citizens’ training, upskilling and reskilling.

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True or false?

All workers should have the right to profit from redistribution of saved resources through AI.

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True or false?

In the future workers will not need to be able to understand and use AI technologies.

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True or false?

A very interesting project has been implemented in Boston: It is called “MIT Schwarzman College of Computing” which is a bilingual college in which students study two subjects: one subject of their choice (like medicine, law etc) and computer sciences and AI, because everyone will need this knowledge in the future.

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True or false?

Computer sciences and AI should be integrated in school as well.

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